| Introduction | | | | these institutions, you find that blacks are usually |
| Blacks only migrated to the United States. You | | | | denied access to some of the |
| find that most a times, the black usually move to | | | | institutions.Ofcourse institutional discrimination is |
| the united states in search of increased standards | | | | something which blacks have faced for quite a |
| of living say education and jobs. Most of the | | | | long time. For example, during the early times, |
| immigrants to the United States are blacks. | | | | blacks were forced in to institutional slavery. In |
| Racism is one of the central features in the united | | | | this case, blacks were usually captured and taken |
| states society since blacks and other people of | | | | as slavery by the American. Even today some of |
| colour are have discriminated so much in many | | | | these cases do happen since you find that most |
| fields. You find that most of the blacks and even | | | | of the blacks who go stay in America are forced |
| the black Americans are usually discriminated on | | | | to do hard work since they are discriminated in |
| their race. For example in the areas of | | | | certain institutions. (Butler, 1997). |
| employment, blacks are usually seen as | | | | Double jeopardy does not happen to the blacks |
| unproductive and hence discriminated in these | | | | who live in the United States. Double jeopardy can |
| areas. Its argued that most of Its forms have | | | | be taken as the case when a criminal is supposed |
| recently changed but, in this case we only need | | | | to be tried for a second time of the crime |
| to look no further than the rates in | | | | committed. In this case, blacks are not double |
| unemployment which black people normally face, | | | | jeopardized since there is a law which governs |
| the rising levels of property by the blacks as | | | | human rights and even for the immigrants who |
| when compared to the citizens of that country | | | | live in the United States. (Allport, 2003). |
| and, life expectancy rates, incomes as when | | | | Redlining also happens to the blacks which live in |
| compared to the citizens of that country and the | | | | the United States. Redlining means the case when |
| stereotypes in the mass media in order to | | | | the costs of living are increased or even denied to |
| understand that racism and racial inequality still | | | | some groups of individuals. But for this case, the |
| remains in the united states. (Allport, 2003). | | | | blacks are denied their standards of living despite |
| The value of racism that is examined in this case | | | | the human rights constitution which states that |
| is that historically we find that racism can be | | | | immigrants should be protected. In this case, |
| analyzed as a central aspect of most of the | | | | redlining can be seen in various accesses to jobs. |
| economic system. In this case I can examine the | | | | Most of the blacks are usually denied access to |
| Marxist theory which says that racism is | | | | job facilities and are mostly supposed to do the |
| supposed to only serve the capitalists or even the | | | | casual activities over there. There costs of living |
| wealthy in the society at the expense of the | | | | are low as when compared to the citizens of that |
| suffering few. Also in the theory colonialism, many | | | | country.Evvironmental justice is also accorded to |
| groups have come up with many theories that | | | | the blacks who stay in the United States. You find |
| based their arguments and challenged racial | | | | that the human rights act which is set by various |
| injustice. All this is said to have happened in the | | | | non governmental programs to help protect |
| early 60s and 70s.This theory needs to be | | | | immigrants who come to unites states have been |
| modified and it’s also relevant to examine | | | | applied in most of these cases. People have the |
| the United States societies although it needs to be | | | | right to move to any country and enjoy the |
| modified, it is relevant to examine the United | | | | benefits of that country just like anybody else. |
| States societies and its impacts to the blacks who | | | | Affirmative action can be seen in the areas of |
| live in the United States. (Butler, 1997). | | | | employment. Out of research, it has been found |
| In the dual labour market, you find that the blacks | | | | that employer support for affirmative action has |
| are usually neglected in both the public and the | | | | a significant and positive influence on the blacks |
| private sectors. The issue of wages has been | | | | who stay in the United States and this can be |
| dodged by controversy which leaves us with the | | | | seen at the higher job levels. (Allport, 2003). |
| question of what can be considered as the right | | | | Conclusion |
| wages. A right wage can be said to be a | | | | Blacks are one of the ethnic groups in the United |
| compensation for a service offered which equals | | | | States. They migrated to the United States in |
| the amount of effort that was used in the | | | | search of jobs, higher education and also |
| service. Going with the labor theories, employer | | | | increased standards of living. Despite their |
| has a moral duty of ensuring that they pay the | | | | movement to these places, they usually face a |
| employees a wage which is equal to their input in | | | | lot of discrimination. For example they face a lot |
| their services. An engineer will not be expected to | | | | of racial discrimination. You find that the blacks are |
| be paid the same amount of wage as a casual | | | | usually denied access to various jobs but the only |
| laborer. These are some of the segmentation in | | | | job they can easily access is the casual job. |
| the labor market that we have to agree with. But | | | | Reference |
| in most of the dual sectors that is the public and | | | | Allport, G. (2003): The nature of prejudice. |
| the private sectors, you find that, blacks are | | | | Vancouver, West coast Coalition for Human |
| usually discriminated and usually do hard work with | | | | Dignity. |
| only small wages. (Butler, 1997). | | | | Butler, P. (1997): Affirmative action. Diversity and |
| Institutional discrimination is also evident in the | | | | options. University of Colorado Law review. Vol. |
| blacks who stay in the United States. In most of | | | | 68. |
